Generational list of programming languages

Here, a genealogy of programming languages is shown. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Of course, any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.

Other lists of programming languages are:

1. Alphabetical
2. Categorical
3. Chronological
4. Generational

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• ALGOL
  • Atlas Autocode
  • ALGOL 60
  • ALGOL 68
  • Burrogh's Extended ALGOL
  • ALGOL W
    • Pascal
      • Ada
        • SPARK
      • Turbo Pascal
        • Object Pascal (Delphi)
          • Free Pascal (FPC)
          • Kylix (same as Delphi, but for Linux)
      • Euclid
        • Concurrent Euclid
        • Turing
          • Turing Plus
          • Object Oriented Turing
      • Modula-2
        • Modula-3
        • Oberon (Oberon-1)
          • Oberon-2
            • Component Pascal
        • Objective Modula-2 (also under Objective-C and Smalltalk)
  • CPL
    • BCPL
      • B
      • C
        • Alef
          • Limbo
        • Coyote
        • C++
          • Java
            • Groovy
            • Join Java
            • J#
            • X10
          • C#
            • Windows PowerShell (also under ksh and Ruby)
        • C--
        • D
        • ColdFusion
        • eC (Ecere C)
        • LPC
          • Pike
        • Objective-C (also under Smalltalk)
          • Objective Modula-2 (also under Modula-2 and Smalltalk)
        • Perl
          • S2
          • PHP
          • PDL (also under APL)
        • QuakeC
      • MCPL
• APL
  • A+
  • Glee
  • J (also under FL)
  • K (also under LISP)
  • NESL
  • PDL (also under Perl)
• Assembly
• BASIC
  • Cache BASIC
  • BASIC09
  • Business Basic
  • COMAL
  • Quickbasic
    • QBasic
      • Liberty BASIC
        • Just BASIC
        • Run BASIC
  • TrueBASIC
  • BlitzBasic
    • Blitz3D
    • BlitzPlus
    • BlitzMax
  • Visual Basic
    • VBScript
    • Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
    • Visual Basic .NET
  • RealBasic
  • Euphoria
  • TI-BASIC
• COBOL
  • DIBOL
  • WATBOL
• Batch languages
  • MS-DOS Batch files
  • CLIST
  • Winbatch
• COMIT
  • SNOBOL
    • Icon
      • Unicon
      • Lua
• CORAL
• Corn
• FP (Functional Programming)
  • FL (Function Level)
    • J (also under APL)
• FORTH
  • InterPress
    • PostScript
  • Joy
    • Factor
    • Cat
  • RPL (also under Lisp)
• Fortran
  • FORTRAN II
  • FORTRAN IV
    • PORTRAN
  • FORTRAN 66
  • FORTRAN 77
  • Fortran 90
  • Fortran 95
    • F
  • Fortran 2003
  • Ratfor
  • WATFOR
  • WATFIV
  • FORMAC
• HyperTalk
  • AppleScript
  • Revolution
• JOSS
  • CAL
  • TELCOMP
  • FOCAL
  • MUMPS
    • Caché ObjectScript
• LabVIEW
• Lisp
  • AutoLISP
  • Common Lisp
  • Emacs Lisp
  • K (also under APL)
  • Logo
  • Nu programming language
  • RPL (also under Forth)
  • S
    • R
  • Scheme
    • Guile
    • Pico
• SASL
  • Miranda
    • Haskell
• ML
  • Standard ML (SML)
    • Alice
  • Caml
    • Objective Caml (OCaml)
    • F#
  • MCPL (also under BCPL)
• Occam
• PL/1
  • PL/M
    • PL/M-86
  • PL/C
  • REXX
  • SP/k
• Progress
• Prolog
  • PROLOG II, III, IV
  • CLP(R), CLP(FD)
  • Mercury
• REFAL
• Tcl
• Today
  • BuildProfessional
• Sh
  • bash
  • tcsh
  • ksh
    • Windows PowerShell (also under C# and Ruby)
• ed
  • sed
  • awk
    • perl (also under C)
• Seed7
• SETL
  • ABC
    • Python
    • Boo
• TECO
• Eiffel
  • Sather
  • Ubercode
• Simula
  • C++ (also under C)
  • Smalltalk
    • Objective-C (hybrid of C and Smalltalk)
    • Objective Modula-2 (hybrid of Modula-2 and Smalltalk, following Objective-C blueprint)
    • Ruby
      • Windows PowerShell (also under ksh and C#)
    • Self
      • JavaScript (originally LiveScript)
        • ActionScript
        • JavaScript OSA
        • ECMAScript
          • JScript
      • NewtonScript
        • Io
      • Slate